Embryonic stem cell-based generation of rat models for assessing human cellular therapies

Heart failure, diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases are among the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. These diseases are characterized by the loss of specific cell types and can be treated and potentially cured with stem cell-based therapies. Before human stem cells can be used in clinical trials, however, their safety and efficacy need to be tested in animal models. Currently, immunodeficient small animals are the preferred models. However, it is readily apparent that mouse physiology and behavior is not optimal for studying many human conditions, and this has often led to translation failures. Although larger animal models are useful, they are extraordinarily expensive and, consequently, experimental opportunities and replications are very limited. The rat is widely accepted as more similar to the human in its physiology and therefore superior to the mouse, especially for metabolic, cardiac and neurological studies. We recently developed a technology that allows us to create nearly any type of genetically modified rat. Using this technology, we will develop immunodeficient rats and rat models for heart failure, diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases. We will use these models to assess human cellular therapies. Our project will provide the research community with the tools and technology necessary to overcome the current constraints of mouse models and will serve as a better investigative platform for understanding the progression and treatment of human diseases.